Glossary

Account Updater

An Account Updater integrates directly with card networks to deliver the most up-to-date card-on-file information. An Account Updater can continuously update multiple cards or in real-time on a selected card. Essentially, it keeps your card-on-file data current to increase authorization rates and reduce failed transactions.

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Acquirer

An acquirer, also known as a merchant acquirer or acquiring bank, is a financial institution that processes and settles credit card and debit card payments on behalf of merchants. The acquirer facilitates the transfer of funds from cardholders to businesses, ensuring secure and timely payment processing for merchant transactions. By acting as the intermediary between the merchant, card networks, and issuing banks, the acquirer plays a critical role in the payment ecosystem.

Acquirer Processor

An acquirer processor is a third-party service provider or financial institution responsible for managing and processing payment transactions on behalf of merchants. They facilitate the authorization, clearing, and settlement of credit card and debit card payments by acting as an intermediary between merchants, acquiring banks, and card networks (like Visa and Mastercard). Acquirer processors ensure secure and efficient payment processing, helping merchants receive payments from customers and manage transaction data. They also provide fraud detection, chargeback management, and integration services to optimize the payment process for merchants.

BIN

BIN (Bank Identification Number), of bank identification number, is set of numbers on a payment card that identifies the card's issuing bank or financial institution.

BIN Lookup

BIN lookup is a tool that extracts critical information from a card number by analyzing the first four to eight digits. BIN lookup can be used for BIN mapping logic for fraud prevention, loyalty offers, routing decisions to increase auth rates, risk management, and more.

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BIN Sponsor

BIN (Bank Identification Number) sponsorship enables businesses, particularly fintechs, to issue payment cards or process card payments without requiring direct membership in card schemes such as Visa or Mastercard. By leveraging a licensed financial institution's BIN and its associated regulatory permissions, fintech companies can access the payment network, ensuring compliance and enabling secure transaction processing.

Buy now, pay later (BNPL)

Buy now, pay later or BNPL refers to the act of allowing a customer or vendor to pay for a service or good over installments.

Card Art

Card art is artwork that is displyed on a physical or digital payment card.

Card Attributes

Card attributes refer to the specific fields and labels that define a payment card. While "card attributes" are often associated with BIN lookup (Bank Identification Number), these attributes can extend beyond just the BIN. In fact, card attributes can be identified using more than just the BIN, including account ranges and even the full PAN (Primary Account Number), providing more accurate and detailed information. By utilizing a full range of card attributes, businesses and financial institutions can enhance their payment systems, optimize fraud prevention, and ensure accurate card data analysis.

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Card Category

Card category refers to the classification of payment cards based on certain features or use cases.

Card Issuance

Card issuance is the process of issuing payment cards, such as debit, credit, or prepaid cards, to customers.

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Card Management Platform

A card management platform manages card data and network services in one location through a single API integration.

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Card on file Network Tokens

Card on file (COF) network tokens are network-generated digital identifiers that replace a cardholder's sensitive Primary Account Number (PAN) when a customer saves their card details with an online merchant for future purchases or recurring payments.

Card Type

Card type refers to the type of card used in a transaction such as a credit card, debit card, or prepaid card.

Credit Card

A card that is issued by a bank, service, or business that allows the cardholder to purchase items on credit to a certain limit.

Cross-border Transactions

Payments or financial exhanges that take place between two parties in different countries. Funds are transferred from an institution in one country to another institution in a different country.

Customer-Initiated Transaction

A Customer-Initiated Transaction, or CIT, refers to any financial or business transaction that is initiated by the customer rather than the business or service provider. This includes actions such as making a purchase, requesting a refund, subscribing to a service, or transferring funds.

CVV

CVV, or card verification value, a 3-4 digit number that is on a debit or credit card and used to prevent fraud.

Debit Card

A debit card is a payment card that allows the spending of money from a checking account. It is issued by a bank.

Digital Wallet

A digital wallet refers to a mobile app that stores payment information for cards and bank accounts that is associated with a device. An example would be Apple Pay or Google Pay.

DPAN

DPAN (Device Primary Account Number) is a unique device-specific payment token that replaces the card number when using digital wallets like Apple Pay or GooglePay.

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Ecomm Network Tokens

Ecomm network tokens are digital identifiers issued by card networks (like Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Discover) that replace a cardholder's sensitive Primary Account Number (PAN) and other card details for online (e-commerce) transactions. Instead of the actual 16-digit card number, a unique, randomly generated sequence of unique characters (the token) is used to process the payment. Ecomm network tokens are a crucial technology for enhancing the security, efficiency, and user experience of online payments. They represent a significant step forward in protecting sensitive payment information and streamlining the e-commerce transaction process for both merchants and consumers.

Endpoint

An endpoint refers to a specific URL or point of contact within a payment API or payment system. It facilitates various actions, such as initiating payments, receiving payment status updates, or managing payment methods. Endpoints are integral to enabling seamless communication between different systems in payment processing and ensuring efficient transaction management.

FPAN

Funding PAN, a 12- to 19-digit number that appears on a credit, debit or prepaid card.

Issuer

A financial institution, such as a bank, that that issues and manages payment cards including credit and/or debit cards. An issuer is commonly referred to as an issuing bank or card issuer.

Issuing Country

Credit or debit card was issued by the issuing bank. Issuing countries are often used when discussing cross-border transactions.

Issuer Processor

An issuer processor is a financial institution or third-party provider responsible for managing and processing the transactions related to credit card and debit card issuers. They handle tasks such as transaction authorization, fraud detection, and managing account data for cardholders. Issuer processors ensure that the cardholder's bank or issuing institution can effectively approve and settle payments made with their issued cards. These processors work with acquirers, card networks (like Visa and Mastercard), and merchants to facilitate secure and seamless payment experiences.

Merchant

A merchant is refers to a business or individual that accepts payments from customers for goods or services.

Merchant-Initiated Transaction

A Merchant-Initiated Transaction, or MIT, refers to any financial or business transaction that is initiated by the merchant rather than the customer. This occurs when a business or service provider processes a payment or action on behalf of the customer, typically with prior authorization. Examples of merchant-initiated transactions include subscription renewals, recurring billing, refunds, or adjustments to an account.

MPAN

MPAN (Merchant Primary Account Number) is a unique merchant-specific payment token linked to a user's account (ie. iCloud) that replaces the card number when using digital wallets like Apple Pay or Google Pay.

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Network Tokens

Network tokens are a set of randomized code that act as a substitute for a credit card's primary account number (PAN). Network tokens allow merchants to securely process payments without storing sensitive card details, significantly reducing the risk of fraud and data breaches while increasing security. These tokens are issued and managed by the major card networks themselves, such as Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover.

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Open Banking

Open banking is the practice of sharing financial data with third parties, such as other financial institutions or service providers. It allows consumers to access their financial data and use it across multiple financial services.

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OTC (Original Credit Transaction)

OTC, or Original Credit Transaction, is a type of transaction where funds are credited to a cardholder's account, typically for refunds or payouts.

PCI Compliance

PCI compliance is following the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) to protect cardholder data and prevent fraud. All businesses that process credit cards, regardless of size, must comply with PCI standards. There are four levels of PCI Compliance.

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PAN (Primary Account Number)

A PAN, or primary account number, is a 12- to 19-digit number that appears on a credit, debit or prepaid card.

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Payment Gateway

A payment gateway is a platform that facilitates secure and encrypted transactions between a merchants and their bank and/or processor.

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Payment Method

A payment method refers to the way money was exchanged in a transaction. A payment method can be a credit card, bank account, or digital wallet.

Payment Orchestration

Payment Orchestration is a technology that allows businesses to connect and manage multiple payment service providers (PSPs), such as payment gateways and processors, through a single platform. Instead of directly integrating with each PSP individually, businesses integrate with the orchestration layer.

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Payment Vault

A payment vault is a platform that securely stores tokenized payment data. A payment vault can descope your liability and insulate your business from risk exposure and compliance overhead by operating on randomized, non-sensitive tokens instead of raw data.

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Payouts

A payout is the process of businesses distributing funds to another party, such as a customer or vendor.

PII (Personally Identifiable Information)

PII stands for personally identifiable information. PII is any information that can identify a person. This includes: names, Social Security numbers (SSNs), dates of birth, and biometric records. PII can also include financial, educational, medical, and employment information.

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Prepaid Card

A prepaid card is a card that is preloaded with funds in order to make purchases.

PSP (Payment Service Provider)

A PSP is a payment service provider. A payment service provider is a third-party company that allows businesses to accept electronic payments.

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Push Provisioning

Push provisioning refers to the process where cardholders can seamlessly add their physical credit or debit card to a digital wallet or merchant app by simply clicking a button in their mobile banking app. This action "pushes" the card's token to a supported platform, enabling users to make secure digital payments. Push provisioning enhances the user experience by simplifying card setup and streamlining payments at supported merchants.

Recurring Payments

A recurring payment is a transaction that occurs on a regular basis. This includes subscription model payments that commonly reoccur monthly, quarterly, or yearly.

SDK

An SDK (Software Development Kit) is a comprehensive toolkit designed to simplify the process of integrating payment processing capabilities into applications and websites. It includes libraries, tools, documentation, and sample code to help developers streamline the integration of payment solutions, enhancing both functionality and user experience. By using an SDK, businesses can seamlessly incorporate secure and efficient payment processing into their digital platforms.

Subscription Payments

A subscription payment refers to a recuring payment for a service or good. The subscription payment model is typically monthly, quarterly, or yearly.

Tokenization

Tokenization replaces sensitive plaintext data with non-relational tokens, reducing your risk and liability while accelerating data security and privacy compliance frameworks like PCI DSS, GDPR, and more. With Tokenizaton API you can securely store an unlimited number of sensitive data and corresponding tokens.

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Wallet Decryption

Wallet decryption is the process of converting encrypted data, such as network tokens, into readable information. Wallet decryption is used for digital wallet payments.

Wallet Payment

A wallet payment is a purchase made using a digital wallet, which is an electronic payment method.

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